Designing for older people and for ageing in place

Age is not one thing

Older people are varied: some are very active and some need support. Needs can change over years. Good design copes with that change, rather than assuming a single type of older person. See Designing for the user.

A home for life

A home that can adapt as people age helps them to stay independent. Ideas that are widely used include:

• Step-free access to the front door and through the home.
• Wide doors and passages that suit walking aids or wheelchairs.
• A bedroom and bathroom on the entrance level, or space to add them.
• A shower that is easy to enter, with space for a carer and room for grab rails to be added.
• Room for a future lift or stairlift.
• Good lighting, especially on stairs, in corridors and at night.
• Kitchens with reachable storage and controls that are easy to use.
• Non-slip floors and few trip hazards.
• Heating and ventilation that are simple to control.
• Doors and windows that are easy to open.

These ideas are often called "lifetime homes" or accessible and adaptable housing, and many countries have standards. See Designing for people with disabilities.

Older people are varied: some are very active and some need support.

Light, colour and sight

Eyes need more light as people age. Good daylight, even artificial lighting without glare, and contrast between floors, walls, doors and handrails help people see and move safely. See Light.

Sound and clarity

Hearing can decline, so good acoustics and clear sound help. Simple layouts and clear signs reduce confusion. See Wayfinding.

Comfort and temperature

Older people may feel cold or heat more, and need warm, draught-free homes with good insulation and shading in hot weather. See Designing for a hotter future.

Belonging and community

Loneliness is a serious issue. Good design supports connection: a front garden or bench where neighbours chat, shared lounges, community gardens, cafés and routes to shops and services within walking distance. Safe, pleasant streets matter as much as the building.

Care homes and supported housing

Where care is needed, buildings should feel like homes, not institutions: small groups of rooms, daylight, gardens, familiar materials, and places for families to visit. Layouts should help staff to provide care with dignity. These buildings have specific regulations and require specialist advice.

Technology

Sensors, alarms, video calls and smart controls can help, but they should be easy to use and respect privacy and choice.

In short

Design homes and places that work at every age: step-free, well lit, comfortable, simple and connected to the community. Involve older people and specialists, and follow current rules.

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